评分标准
托福口语的评分标准是由三部分构成的:主题发展(Topic Development);语言使用(Language Use);表达(Delivery)。
首先,我们来说说评分标准当中的主题发展。因为篇幅的关系,我们今天只以托福口语独立题作为例子来讲解主题发展。什么是主题发展?对于独立题来说就是你是否有展开你的回答;那什么叫展开你的回答呢?说白了,就是你是否提供了原因,来解释自己的观点。同时对所提出的原因是否提供了足够的展开和说明。
对于一个4分的回答而言,话题展开必须是充分的,逻辑是清晰完整的。相对于一个3分的回答,貌似也进行了话题的展开,但是在逻辑上可能没有那么清晰,论证的也不是非常的充分。接下来我们就来举一个实际的例子,来具体说明一下什么才算是好的话题展开。
题目:Some universities require first year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better for first year students and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
回答文本(Good):
“Err, I think it's better for the first year students to live on campus rather than off campus. Emm, main reason because, err, they are new to the city and it's safer for them to live on campus where there is more security. Emm, because they don't know much about the city in the first place. Err, second of all, it helps them to/to become more familiar with the surroundings where they have to study. It also help [center?] [maybe] new people, err, living in the dorm encourages more friendships, with people who you might not, err, seem very comfortable at the first time. And, err, it helps you to meet new people. It helps you to interact with the seniors if you're living in your dorm.” [128 words]
这是一道ETS官方所给出的例题,问的是大一新生是否应该住校。同时也给出了一个4分(Good)的回答案例。回答中这个同学认为应该住校。他说:“大一的学生应该住校,因为校园很安全,因为校园有很多的保安”。不难看出,虽然他的话语不多,但是他很清晰的解释出住校的好处。没错,好处其实就是安全,那为什么安全呢?因为有保安。所以话语虽然简单,但是逻辑是相对严谨完整的。既有原因,也有展开。
同样的题目,大家看看3分的同学的回答: