Task 6:
1. The professor talks about why solidarity develops in different societies.
One reason is that all society members do the same kind of job. For example, people in rural areas are mainly farmers who deal with basic work and so they share similar lives. Solidarity develops in this society because the same job creates a sense of unity.
The other reason is because of different divisions of job. For instance, people in town have different tasks like doctors and stuff, and they are interdependent. Solidarity develops in this kind of society because people depend on each other.
NO.2
Soil中也有生存的mammal . Firstly, they must be able to move, for the soil is not like the water, it's thick and condense. 2, able to protect themselves from things like the particles in soil.
接着教授举了2 examples. 1,mow, has strong feet, like the shovel, that can dig deeply 2, ……。 has tiny eyes, also have hair that cover their eye from particle infection.
NO.3
广告里的名人效应。说名人做广告当然很好,但是有两点风险。第一是人们太关注明星而忽视了产品,举了个pizza的例子,人们只注意看那个知名的喜剧演员了,谁都不去注意pizza,结果pizza卖得不好。第二是有时候名人前后表现不一致,举了电脑的例子,某名人在做广告时说她最喜欢XX电脑,但接受杂志采访时又说其实自己不用电脑,结果这电脑也滞销了。
NO.4
Waiting Time
很多成功营销的秘诀就是waiting time.但对商业行为而言,关键并不是实际等待的时间,而是感知等待时间conceived waiting time,就是the time that consumers think they are waiting.
商家一般通过两种策略来cut conceived waiting time。
(1),让顾客有事可做:Let the consumers have something to do.给了两个例子,一是在医院休息室的doctor’s waiting room,放一电视TV,大家看电视,不知不觉时间就过去了;二是在电梯口elevator,放一镜子mirror,大家对着镜子臭美一下,时间就过去了,就cannot conceived the waiting time了。
(2),告诉顾客他们实际上等待了多久tell them the real waiting time。很多人就是自己觉得等得长,他等了十分钟觉得已经等了二十分钟了,于是就着急。这第二种策略最常见的就是火车站,大喇叭里不停的告诉你,还有多长时间,通过这种tell you the truth 的方式,来reduce conceived waiting time.
问题:什么是conceived waiting time以及商家reduce conceived waiting time的策略。
NO.5
广告的口号,两种slogan,1、for the whole company 2、for specific product
EXAMPLE家具厂用自己的广告告诉他们的东西结实。
EXAMPLE打印机
NO.6
Memory gaps, we fill our memory gaps inaccurately in two ways.
Way 1: with plausible guesses and assumptions
Example 1: 车祸后被要求回忆,他们会说出一些有道理但不真实的原因,比如司机在打电话或安全带没系
Way 2: others’ suggestions and opinions
Example 2: 车祸后被要求回忆,如果问题是”司机当时开车的速度怎样”,人们会被速度所影响
NO.7
【讲课要点】:
动物靠在空中放出pheromone来交流communicate。这种化学物质有两个用途:
1. 判断location: an insect can use this chemical to guide another insect from food to home。举例:蜜蜂在外找食,在巢里的其他蜜蜂就会发出这种激素,帮助找食的蜜蜂找到自己的巢。
2. this chemical is the signal to show that female animals are ready to mate交配。举例:a female moth can relapse this chemical, so a male moth can know this female moth is ready to mate and can find where it is。" S6: 暂时无法确定题目来源
NO.8
【讲课要点】:
Protective Adaptation
1. Structure adaptation -- grow specific body structure
通过改变身体的部分来适应环境,或是防御掠食者
EG:说一种B鲨鱼,个头小,身体弱,vulnerable to big sharks,最后经历漫长的演化尾部长出spike,防止其他比他大的鲨鱼的attack。
2. Behavior adaptation -- change behavior
通过装死、改变自身的行为来骗过掠食者
EG:说北美的一种动物,当遇到天敌攻击时就会pretend death, shut eyes, heart beat slow, breath slight…
NO.9
演员如何入戏?比如一个人要扮演国王,现在要会见一位来提亲的男子,那么他登台之前就应该像一个国王那样想问题,比如说他应该想到来提亲的是不是要夺我王位,冲着我的权力而来,这样演员一上台就进入了国王的角色,观众也可以很快融入戏中,感觉真实而不是做戏。
NO.10
说是有两种途径让动物们既可以在白天活动也可以在夜里活动,第一种是make light怎么的(忘了),给出的例子是fox有一种很特殊的layer 能借助月光看清东西。 第二种是 可以通过缩小眼睛的一个什么(eyes pupil不确定拼写对不对)瞳孔吧,例子还是FOX,可以调节瞳孔大小,来减少光的强度,所以他们还是可以在白天摄取食物。
NO.11
The professor talks about two types of suspense in a movie.
The first type is that the audience feels interesting to guess the end. For example, two heroes set the same goal, but the audiences have no idea who comes first.
The second type is that the audiences know the end but they have no clue how to get to the end. For example, in a love story, the hero and heroine doom to meet in the end, but how they meet each other becomes intriguing.
NO.12
Lecture: Small Business: drawbacks on home-based business
For many small businesses, instead of renting, they prefer to work from home. Though working from home has its merits, a home-based business has some drawbacks.
1) Can't Maintain a Professional Image
People working in home-based businesses don't set a clear boundary between business and personal life. The customers may think they are not professional and serious about the business. For example, if a home-based business is a catering service that provides food for some major event, a customer would call and not expect a baby crying in the background. However, if it happened, the customer will for sure think that the business is not professional enough for their event and not trust the ability of the caterer to provide good-quality food.
2) Will Affect the Lives of the Neighbors
Use the catering example again, the business may hire two or more workers to help with the preparation of food. These workers may need to park their cars on the street, which would take up the neighbors' parking spots. Having their spots taken, the neighbors would definitely complain.
Question: Describe the two drawbacks of home-based businesses.
NO.13
Ecosystem engineering: 动物住在一个地方,这个地方会变得适合其他动物生存。两种方式
1、在日常生活中慢慢去做。比如某个海鲜:mussels,在吃水里东西的时候把水过滤干净了。
2、在一个群中间位置的时候,形成一个对其他动物有保护的地方。再比如刚才那个海鲜:mussels。他们成群住在海洋地表,他们之间的空隙形成其他动物能够生存的空间。
NO.14
口语六:老师总希望得到feedback, feedback DE characters 1 focus on students 2. focus on 其他
NO.15
人类发明创造有2种可能:有目的性(intentional),无目的性(accidental)。有目的性的举例是发明一种眼镜,可以不用让人在看远距离和近距离的时候频繁换眼镜。无目的性的例子是X-RAY的发明,是某个科学家在实验室里发现的物体影像,进而应用于人体医学。 "
NO.16
Wetland's two benefits for animals.
1). for nursery, sharks lay eggs in wetlands close to the ocean, because wetlands are shallow, there are not large predators, baby sharks can grow safely in the wetlands and survive in the ocean.
作为孕育地。动物可以lay eggs or give birth, 直到它们的宝宝长大成熟。举例,一种鲨鱼在靠近海洋的湿地产卵,因为这里大动物少,可以减少被捕食者捕食的几率;
2). for rest and find food. Immigrating birds, for example, paper, during the long journey of immigration, stop the wetlands to find the food because they can find similar food like before.
question 6【讲课要点】two ways the animals use wetland。
to rest and feed themselves. 举例,一种要cross美洲的migrate bird, 在长途迁徙的过程中需要休息或者觅食,这时候湿地发挥了很大的作用:在这里可以resting and setting,这里还有很多吃的,就跟它们平时吃的一样,所以很适合停留。
NO.17
讲课要点】:Two Economic Changes in Ancient Civilization
1. Currency: this monetary form made life easier. For example, a man who bakes bread can now use money in exchange for a coat. Using money to trade can avoid the possible issue that the person who sells coats does not like bread.
2. Trade new things over a greater distance. For example, Romans can import silk fabric from China.
NO.18
Lecture: Two Advantages of the Beta Testing Method in Business
A beta test is an opportunity that gives the intended audience some samples to try the product out first.
1) Get feedback from the customers
The producer can get feedback from the customers who try the product. They will know which aspects of the product the customers like and don't like. A camera company, for example, may give some professional photographers new sample cameras to test out. After testing, the photographers may report, for example, that the flash doesn't work well because it produces too much light. The company will then know they need to work on the flash to make the overall product more desirable.
2) Providing Free Advertising
If the tested audience thinks the new product is satisfactory, it will leave a positive impression in their minds and they may tell others about the product. Even if it’s not a perfect product at first, the efforts taken by the company to improve it will convince the photographer customers that the new camera will be very good. They, in turn, will tell other photographer friends about the new product and encourage greater sales.
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