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一、综合写作

阅读

一种叫作American burying beetles的动物数量减少的原因：

1-他们competition with other animals，然后就没有食物了。

2-人类的development，破坏了他们的habitat。

3-杀虫剂的使用，杀虫剂有毒，然后beetles就没了。

听力

1-competition with other animals，然后他们就说beetles是有一个特殊的features的，他们有他们的嗅觉特别发达，然后可以让他们很快的找到食物，然后他们会spread some chemicals在那些食物上，然后去prevent other animals finding this food。

2-professor说的是也有一些跟beatles相似的物种，他们的habitat也被人类那个fragmented了，然后但是他们没有骤减，所以说明这个原因不成立。

3-pesticide不成立，是因为beetles的数量在这个杀虫剂发明之前就已经骤减了。另外还有一个原因，还有一个证明是有另外的一种类型的，还有在美国其他地方，一些beetles，在有杀虫剂的使用的地方，可以活20到30年，整20到30年。

二、独立写作

1）题目：In some nations, students do not pay any tuition to attend universities. However, in other nations, students must pay to attend universities, and the cost of university tuition can be high. Do you believe that all nations should use taxes to fully fund universities so that students can study for free?

2）范文：

Inevitably, higher education is of great significance to young adults. Some people think that relying on governments’ tax revenues to fully cover tuition fees will lift the financial burden from college students’ shoulders. However, from my perspective, that all nations use tax revenues to allow university students to study for free is not sensible.

To begin with, if universities are not fully funded by the government, students will have more opportunities to attain academic achievements. Obviously, the main reason is that if students have to pay a lot of money to attend universities instead of depending on the government’s tax revenue completely, they will realize that not trying their best to focus on the study is equal to a waste of money they paid for the college education, which will lead to a result that plenty of students study very hard and then achieve excellent academic outcomes. Thus, not being financially supported by the government’s tax revenue is really beneficial for college students to perform better academically. However, students who are fully funded by the government are rarely aware that they need to devote themselves to the study since they are not under the financial pressure, and as a result, they can hardly achieve improvements. The case happened in America could perfectly prove the statement mentioned above. The US government hardly bears all the tuition fees so that students have to spend a fortune on their college education, which can push them to study harder. To be more specific, an offer from an elite university, such as Harvard, means a high cost of about twenty thousand dollars students have to bear, which means that some students need to ask for a student loan or win scholarships to cover the tuition fee. Hence, many students at college are more motivated to study hard and undoubtedly achieve better results. However, some governments in European countries, such as Ireland, support the idea of fully funded universities so that there is less financial pressure on students. As a result, most students merely aim to graduate from college and rarely have the motivation to achieve better academic results. Thus, to help students improve their academic performance, governments shouldn’t use tax revenues to cover all the tuition fees.

Besides, for the sake of the development of the whole society, not all the nations around the world should fully fund universities. Apparently, the primary reason is that a large number of developing countries are normally confronted with the problem of a large population and insufficient tax revenues. If the government allocates tax revenues to different sectors instead of using most of them just to fully fund universities, other aspects such as healthcare as well as science and technology will be developed rapidly, which is good for the advancement of the whole society. Hence, using tax revenues to cover all the tuition fees is not suitable for all nations. Take China as an example. The Chinese government, which is the government of the largest developing country, doesn’t bear all the tuition fees because there are a huge number of college students in China, which means that if all the fees are backed by tax revenues, the nation will definitely be in a difficult situation. To be more specific, the government uses tax revenues to fund different sectors including education, healthcare, culture as well as science and technology. Meanwhile, it encourages large businesses to sponsor excellent students at university, which can help relieve the financial pressure on college students. As a result, the whole society develops rapidly due to the wise decision made by the government that tuition fees are not fully covered by the government’s revenue. However, if the Chinese government fully funded universities, most tax revenues would be used in only one sector, education, and there would not be enough money to improve healthcare and other aspects, which would slow the development of the society. Therefore, for some countries, especially developing countries, not devoting all the tax revenues to fully fund universities can make a great contribution to the advancement of the society.

To put everything in a nutshell, if governments don’t use tax revenues to cover all the tuition fees, college students will achieve better academic performance and the society will experience full development.