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综合写作

上午场

阅读

Vikings曾经在北极建立了殖民地，当时有几千名Vikings, 但是在某一时间，这篇聚居地被没有原因地遗弃了，有科学家在研究Vikings为什么会遗弃这个聚居地。

1-气候改变导致事物来源减少，当地人吃不饱。原来他们可以在哪里种植植物，但是气候变冷之后无法种植了。

2-和居住在同一地区的另一个group产生冲突。

3-当地人曾拿一种动物牙齿和欧洲人交换商品。后来这一殖民地落入新的国家的控制之下。这个国家不允许与Vikings进行贸易。

听力

1-尽管farming收到影响，但是科学家发现Vikings会以鱼为主要事物，也可以通过渔业来获得食物来源。

2-他们带走了很多贵重物品，如果产生冲突，离开会很快，不会带走很多贵重物品。

3-官方贸易虽然暂停了，但是可以进行非法贸易，许多商人无视国家规定，偷偷与Vikings进行贸易，而且当时的国王还曾发了一个文件，抱怨他们之间进行的非法贸易。

下午场

阅读

1.因为野马会把草吃光，加剧水土流失,破坏土壤和整个牧场的动植物生态圈。

2.野马会占掉部分land capacity，因为还有其他的farm animal，cattle 和 sheep等，野马太多会破坏整个牧场的carrying capacity,导致牛羊吃不到草。

3.野马要喝水，会disrupt水流，导致水质下降，阻碍juvenile fish的生长"

听力

1. 野马只是吃掉表层的草，不会破坏root，还能继续生长，另外野马的粪便粪便可以当做fertilizer，反而对草是有益的

2. 野马的存在可以保护sheep的数量，因为捕猎会同时捕这些动物，野马数量减少的话，就会捕更多羊

3. 野马的存在并不一定是对young fish有害。举了beaver的例子，之前这里有海狸，它们筑起了dams，减缓了water flow，更适合小鱼生长。后来海狸消失后，小鱼的数量反而下降。

独立写作

上午场

1）题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

People are happier when they give away extra money to charity or a good cause rather than when they spend it on themselves.

2）范文：

There has been research conducted on spending and happiness for many years. While some believe that giving extra money to those in need might make givers feel happier, from my perspective, people can actually get more happiness when they use the money to benefit themselves.

To begin with, it is obvious that people can gain a sense of satisfaction if they are willing to spend extra money on something that will enhance themselves. Apparently, the main reason is that spending money on things that can nurture people both physically and mentally, such as being a member of a fitness center, buying the latest electronic gadgets to improve work efficiency, or investing in further education, may help people feel that they can be the best version of themselves. Consequently, these investments could buy them satisfaction and boost their happiness. However, if extra money is given to charity or spent on good causes, like buying gifts for senior citizens who live in a nursing home, people will have no opportunity to attain the tangible benefit of being satisfied with their self-improvement. The story happening to Zoe could perfectly prove the statement. Last year, Zoe invested much extra money in herself and improved her overall happiness because she was satisfied with her self-enhancement. To be more specific, she invested in a training program online and helped her advance her skills in the field of business. Therefore, she attained a sense of satisfaction through this investment and felt happier than before. However, Alex, one of Zoe’s friends, persisted in donating money to a charity focusing on planting more trees to make our planet greener instead of investing in himself. He didn’t feel satisfied and happier since the kindness couldn’t have tangible benefits for him. Therefore, spending extra money on oneself is helpful for obtaining a sense of satisfaction and enhancing happiness.

Besides that, people will win the respect of others if they spend more money on things that could help them look rich. The primary reason is that many people prefer to judge others by their outward appearance, the luxury items they use, the car that they drive or other tangible property. Accordingly, if extra money is spent on these aspects, people will be looked up to other people. However, if money is given to show an act of kindness, few people will be aware of that immediately and be respectful to the one who donates money. Taking Bob as an example, after earning some extra money, Bob bought himself a well-known luxury brand of suit, which made him look more confident and reliable and then helped him move his business to the next level. However, just over a year ago, Bob regarded that extra money needed to be spent on helping others rather than investing in himself, not to mention buying luxury items. It did nothing to help his undertaking since his business partners couldn’t learn about his capability as a businessman. Therefore, extra money ought to be spent on purchasing products that can promote people’s image if they want to gain the respect of others.

To put everything in a nutshell, people spend extra money on themselves can make them happier because not only can they gain a sense of satisfaction by improving themselves but also, they can win the respect of other people by the image that be built up.

下午场

题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Parents today spend too much time trying to help determine the futures of their children; children should be allowed to make their own choices.