托福写作分数中,综合写作和独立写作的分数各占一半,因此两者同样重要。而且两者是单独考,所以时间方面互不影响。虽然网友问了独立写作的提升方法,那下面我们依然将综合写作和独立写作的方法共同进行讲解,并且给出高分密集。
一、 综合写作:
关于综合写作的通识知识,有如下几点:
l 先考综合,后考独立
l 先读后听,再写文章
l 综合写作时间:读3听3写20(分钟)
l 阅读听力可用原词写作,无需改写(这一点很多人不信。但本人亲测过,没问题)
这个托福官方指南上的综合写作字数规定:建议150~225字。
但是,后面紧跟一句“只要不扯犊子,写多不扣分”
这就意味着,其实综合写作没必要在乎所谓的字数范文。
只要听力内容听得多,写的就多,毕竟阅读的内容基本不占分。
重点注意:
我有太多学生在来我这儿学托福之前,都盲目的认为综合写作的字数是不能超过220字的,导致他们要删减字数满足这个要求。但是,在删减的过程中,会无意间删掉一些重要信息,导致内容逻辑出问题或缺乏必要的论证细节导致扣分。
那么综合写作到底是如何评分的呢?我们看如下表格:
该网友既然综合写作已经25分了,那么下一步想要冲击高分的话,只需2个要点:
1. 尽量将听力的所有内容都写下来,但是要保证内容逻辑通常。
2. 适当使用高端词句,但是依然在四、六级词汇范围内足以。
3. 千万不要盲目使用高端词句,如果用得好不当或者太突兀是不会加分的。
阅读说, 。听力反驳了阅读的观点。
第一,阅读说 。但是听力反驳了这一观点。听力说, 。
第二,阅读说 。但是听力反驳了这一观点。听力说, 。
第三,阅读说 。但是听力反驳了这一观点。听力说, 。
注意:“反驳”这个词可以根据听力内容,调整为:质疑、削弱等攻击性偏弱的动词。
其余需要的语料库如下,直接套用即可:
阅读:the reading, the passage, the writer, the author
听力:the listening, the speaker, the professor, the lecturer
说 :says, claims, suggests, mentions
反驳:disagrees with, challenges, casts doubts on,
观点:the point, the idea, suggestion, claim
二、 独立写作:
一提到独立写作,很多考生都“谈虎色变”。主要是因为对独立写作评分标准的不了解。所以我们先讲解独立写作评分标准。
这里需要重点讲解一下25分段的评分标准:
l 文章完整:字数300+;有完整的首、正、尾段,不得出现没写完的自然段。
l 内容无错:不跑题、不偏题、不举例不当、不前后矛盾、不逻辑错误、不论证模糊、不答非所问、不问而不答、不段落重复;
那么如何提升到29分的标注呢?需要做到如下几点:
l 文章完整:字数500+;有完整的首、正、尾段,不得出现没写完的自然段。
很多人都说托福独立写作字数太多会扣分,或者不会加分。这些人明显没有研究过托福的写作评分系统。字数多的文章,只要没有重复论证或说废话的情况下,都是细节充分详细的文章,这本身就是高分的特征。其次,本人教出过12个托福写作29分的学生和一个托福写作满分的学生,他们的独立写作都是字数500+。而且本人也亲自做过测试,一次考试我的独立作文写了523字,总分29分(综合29 + 独立29)。另一次考试我用同样水准的词句写了独立写作380字,结果总分27分(综合29+独立25)。这也证明独立写作的字数会直接影响分数,所以要想写作拿29分+,作文字数要多写,一般500-600字即可。
l 内容很好:需要满足基本要求(不跑题、不偏题、不举例不当、不前后矛盾、不逻辑错误、不论证模糊、不答非所问、不问而不答、不段落重复),同时满足额外要求(论证准确、清晰、充分,逻辑严谨)
l 词句高端:多用高词汇,多写点长难句。四、六级词汇只要用好了绝对满足托福写作满分的词汇要求,而且要用的准,得当,合理,和灵活。
l 切忌:不要盲目使用高端词。
例如:张三的狗死了。
此句里的“死”是个低级词汇。但是用在狗身上恰当好处。
但是如果换成:张三的狗驾崩了。这就闹笑话了,虽然“驾崩”是最高端的“死”,但是用在狗身上就不合适。所以这种盲目的高端词根本不会加分,但是倒也能保证25分的水平,毕竟表达意思是准确的。
下面这篇范文是我学生模考做的TPO50的独立作文,系统判分给的30分。
这个学生在实际托福考试中,连续2场都是写作29分、一次作文跑题写作24分。
根据学生回忆,他在考场上写的作文的词句水平跟这篇范文一样。只不过都写了550多字。
本文478字,文章完整,内容无错。正文段写2段还是3段对分数没有影响。
本文逻辑清晰,准确,充分,严谨,行文通顺流畅。
题目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The opinions of celebrities, such as famous entertainers and athletes, are more important to younger people than they are to older people.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer
Nowadays, as the modern technology fuels the spread of information, many people begin to follow the celebrities especially their opinions. Among all who follows celebrities’ opinions, those who are younger may receive a stronger influence in aspects of experience, trend and exposure. Thus, the opinion of celebrities would be more important to them.
First, generally speaking, most young people lack the experience that can only gained through years of life. It is very likely that young people will follow the opinion of celebrities, whether correct or not, because they do not have their own judgment. This effect can be seen in our daily life. Take the automobile industry as an example. Celebrities often appear on commercials of brands that targets young customers, like Ford or Toyota, while on the other hand companies like BMW or Volvo tend to put on data of performance or safety. As young people sometimes do not have their opinion, opinions of celebrities, who seem to be a role model to them, will easily have a greater importance from their point of view.
Second, unlike older group of citizens, young people care more about so-called trend, also known as fashion, Were there a new singer went trendy, many young people would follow the trend and start to act like the singer. During period of US president election, people would even imitate the candidate they like. Following a trend or imitating someone not only influence one's behaviors but also changes one’s mind. That is why during the election, many people vote to the candidate that is favored by the celebrity they like even when they have no knowledge of him or her. In other words, the celebrity's opinion sometimes become as important as one's own opinion, especially among groups of young people that think that opinion is a trend. Moreover, if a group of young people follows a trend or a celebrity, each individual of it will also be encouraged by others in the group, which may potentially increase the importance of the trend, thereby making the trend to have a greater importance to them for social values.
Lastly, young people are born in a more digitalized age, in which greater amount of information spreads faster. This means that young people will be exposed to celebrity-related information at a higher proportion of their time, which increase the chance that they will be influenced or persuaded by the celebrity they see. Plus, accessing more celebrity-related contents, young people could simultaneously receive opinions of multiple celebrities, opinions of whom together can gain a greater importance as they boost each other. In contrast, those who are older can distinguish between the white noise and will not adopt these opinions easily.
To sum up, the opinions of celebrities can play a more important role on young people as factors in personal experience, social trend and media exposure combines together.
三、 此外,托福独立作文的其他几种题目的写法也得了解。如:
对比、绝对词、二选一、三选一题目。下面我总结概括这些题目的写法。
掌握以上文章结构后,所有的托福独立写作题目对应的写法和写作结构就很健全了。
同学加强练习即可。一定要记得,独立写作要多写,逻辑要严谨、清晰、充分。