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The reading and speaker both discuss a huge marine mammal known as Steller's sea cow, which once lived in the waters around Bering Island and later became extinct. The reading proposes three theories to explain the extinction, while the speaker says that all the three theories have certain problems.
To begin with, the reading holds that the sea cows may have become extinct because a group of native Siberian people overhunted them. However, the speaker argues that sea cow were very massive, were up to 9 meters long and weighed over 10 tons. A couple of sea cow could feed a Siberian village for months. Since the Siberians people did not have a large population, they were unlikely to overhunt sea cows to extinction.
In addition, the reading assumes that sea cows could have become extinct because some ecosystem disturbances caused their main food kelp to decline. By contrast, the speaker argues that if some ecosystem disturbances did really happen, not only kelp, but also other parts of the ecosystem would be affected. However, some other animals like whales were not reported to decline. Since no broader problems in ecosystem were reported, the kelp was just fine and sea cows did not experience food shortage.
Thirdly, the reading points out that sea cows may have become extinct mainly because European fur traders arrived at the island after 1741. Yet, the speaker rejects the idea. It seems true that sea cows became extinct soon after the arrival of European fur traders. However, the reading ignores the fact that by the time Europeans came to the island, the population of sea cow was already very small. Evidence shows that population of sea cows was largest hundreds of years before 1700s. This means something else must have caused their population decline long before European fur traders' arrival. Therefore, European fur traders who came last were not the main cause for the extinction of the sea cows.