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The reading passage introduces three theories about the purpose and meaning of craved stone balls found in Scotland. The speaker in the listening, however, believes none of the three theories in the reading is convincing and refutes the claims one by one.
To begin with, the reading passage thinks that carved stone balls were used as weapons for hunting and fighting because there are some holes in them and grooves on the surface, which can be used to throw. However, the speaker indicates that weapons for hunting or fighting may show signs of use or wear. Other weapons back that time showed the signs of wear or damage. The stone balls, on the other hand, were perfectly preserved, and they were neither broken nor cracked. Now that other weapons like arrows were damaged, the stone balls are not likely to be weapons for hunting or fighting purposes.
Additionally, in the reading material, the author argues that carved stone balls may be used for measuring weight for their uniform size. However, the speaker further explains that stone balls were made of different types of stones. The density of each material varies from one to another. Some stone balls might be same in size, but their mass could be different. A handful of one stone balls might be heavier than a handful of another stone balls made of other material. The stone balls were not desirable for measuring weight.
Finally, the reading material suggests that stone balls were used for some social purpose rather than pragmatic use. However, the speaker believes that some stone balls were made intricate while others were so simple that people could hardly find symbolic meaning from the simple ones. Besides, some rich people might be buried with their possessions in tombs or graves after death. Unluckily, no stone balls were found in tombs. In this way, the speakers indicates the stone balls were not for showing social status.