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The passage claims that bird populations will continue to decrease in the United States, while the lecture argues that those supporting arguments are unconvincing.
In the first place, the author asserts that the number of birds will decline because of less natural habitats caused by human settlements. In contrast, the speaker believes that some bird populations will decline but others will grow. Urban development can provide larger and better habitats for some types of birds, such as seagulls and pigeons, so their populations and even the populations of hawks and falcons that prey on pigeons will increase.
Besides, the reading passage states that more agricultural activities will also lead to the decline of bird populations by converting wilderness areas into agricultural use. However, this is contradicted by the listening that wilderness areas will not decline because less land will be needed. The new and more productive crops will improve agricultural production by producing more food per unit of land.
Finally, the writer points out that the use of chemical pesticides will kill birds or prevent their reproduction, thus causing the decline of bird population in the future, while the professor claims that birds will not continue to suffer from pesticides in the future because of two changes. First, less toxic pesticides are developed; second, pest-resistant crops will be developed and will reduce the need for pesticides. Thus, birds will not be harmed.