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　　What makes a successful politician?

　　Experience? Skill? Charisma?

　　Perhaps you were searching for these traits while watching the recent Republican presidential debate.

　　But what you might not have thought about was how your perception of the candidates could be influenced by their voices.

　　In two recently published studies, researchers looked at how the pitch of a candidate’s voice affected their chances in an election.

　　The first study found that in the 2012 U.S. House elections candidates with lower voices were more likely than a higherpitched opponent to win.

　　With one exception:

　　when running against a female opponent, candidates with higher voices were more popular, especially if they were men.

　　That study is in the journal Political Psychology.

　　In the second study, researchers wanted to know why a deep voice was a potent political tool.

　　They recorded men and women speaking the sentence

　　“I urge you to vote for me this November.”

　　They then altered the recordings to create higher and lower pitched versions of each sentence.

　　More than 800 volunteers listened to the audio.

　　Their preference for lower-pitched voices correlated with their preconception that these individuals were older, stronger and more competent.

　　This study is in the journal PLoS ONE.

　　The researchers note that a preference for leaders with deeper voices may be the result of so-called “cavemen instincts.”

　　A deep voice is associated with high testosterone, physical strength and aggression.

　　And way back when, those qualities were probably attractive in a leader.

　　High-pitched voices also are thought to convey negative emotions, such as stress and fear.

　　We like to think that we consider our electoral options carefully, and base our decisions on conscious, rational judgments.

　　But it may be a candidate’s height, attractiveness or voice that play outsized roles when we go to the polls.

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