托福写作的评分标准中对语言语法有具体的要求。本文将列举同学们常见语法错误,大家写作中应注意规避。根据以往同学常犯的错误我们将进行分析,下文中的例子均是之前同学们常写出的问题句。此处我们会重点讲解:词性误用,名词,限定词,代词,动词,介词等几个方面。
今天分析的是名词
1) 量
英语中名词的量是个基础概念。在量的角度,名词可以分为:可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词中又有单数和复数的区别。由于中文中没有相关的变化,所以在写作中同学们容易犯错误。
例1:
原句:In the past, few student go to this university because of its bad reputation of professor.
修改:将professor改为professors。
原因:由于university中不只一个教授,另外教授也是个可数名词,故改为复数形式。
例2:
原句:Nevertheless, I strongly oppose the proposal, which will be elaborated in the following paragraph explicitly.
修改:将paragraph改为paragraphs。
原因:由于接下来不只一段,故改为复数形式。
例3:
原句:Conversely, if we analyze this problem form a different perspective, we can find that those people underestimate the real situation that the machines cannot complete some sort of works for people, like creating arts, sale, and teaching.
修改:将works改为work。
原因:works一般意为“作品”,当“工作”讲时不可数。
例4:
原句:As the fan of a certain athlete, those people have the expectation that their idols win more than others.
修改:将fan改为fans;将a certain athlete改为certain athletes。
原因:由于后面的those people指代fans,故将fan改为复数;idols是复数,应该指代certain athletes
例5:
原句:It is common trend that parents pay more and more attention to students’ education.
修改:将common trend改为a common trend。
原因:trend“趋势”是可数名词,所以需要加a表示“一个”。
例6:
原句:In fact, visiting tourism spot with several days is a feasible choice to most people.
修改:将spot改为spots、
原因:spot表示“地点”是可数名词,这里表示的是很多景点,所以是复数形式。
2) 具体与抽象
英语中名词也有具体和抽象这个区别。由于性质不同,在使用中需要注意形式。比如“朋友”是friend,但是“友谊”就是friendship。前者是具体概念,后者是抽象概念,不能用错。
例1:
原句:For example, Lionel Messi, a famous football athlete, won many champions because of his professional skills.
修改:将champions改为championships。
原因:champion是人,championship是冠军头衔。
例2:
原句:In the meantime, the coaches might also establish a higher target, like seizing champion or breaking record, which will be converted into another pressure of them.
修改:将champion改为championships;将record改为records。
原因:champion修改方式同例1;record虽是抽象概念,但是这里是可数,故改为复数形式。
例3:
原句:To be precise, the costing of survival will increase considerably.
修改:将costing改为cost。
原因:cost是“成本,代价”,costing是动词cost“花费”的名词。根据本句句义应该使用前者。
编辑推荐:
(编辑:秦洁)