段落结构Top-down图如下:
题目分析: 审题(movement of water into a lake)题干中无关键词,放弃定位
段落提出了三个理论来解释湖水水面的改变,分别是地表水流动,大气层交换和地下水渗透,而最终支持的理论是地下水渗透造成lake level的改变,可以排除D选项 (smaller effect直接相反);同样大气层交换的理论被驳斥了,则可以排除A和B选项 (Heavy rain accounts for相反;rainfall replaces approximately未提到且不能解释changes of lake level);我们发现,通过分析段落框架,就足以让我们排除A, B, D三个选项。
原文的example部分提到了多数的lake,尤其“被森林包围的”湖,地表水的流动几乎可以忽略不计。Surrounded by forest作为限定修饰,必然起到了强调的作用,突出了”整体与部分”概念,既然多数的湖本身不会受到overland flow的影响,那部分的“被森林包围的湖”就强调出 “forests have negative effect on Lake level”,就如同我们说: 吃油炸食品,尤其是鸡排,肯定会造成肥胖,那也可以间接得出鸡排会造成肥胖,是一样的思路, 故此题的答案也自然可以得出C选项
对于程度较好的学生而言,做对题目本身并不意味这结束,能够学会运用Top-down的阅读模式,掌握在实际阅读和后期精读中完成对于段落结构的梳理,明细结构下的考点对应和字句理解,才是真正提高阅读质量,有效利用TPO进行托福备考~
最后我们再看一个段落,看看各位能否以Top-down的阅读模式梳理出段落框架,再合理进行字句理解和考点对应
TPO-48: Determining Dinosaurs’ Diet
Paragraph 5: In the stomach contents of specimens of Coelophysis (a small, long-necked dinosaur) are bones from juvenile animals of the same species. At one time, these were thought to represent embryonic animals, suggesting that this small dinosaur gave birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Further research indicated that the small dinosaurs were too large and too well developed to be pre-hatchling young. In addition, the juveniles inside the body cavity were of different sizes. All the evidence points to the conclusion that these are the remains of prey items and that, asan adult, Coelophysis was at least in part a cannibal.
• 7. According to paragraph 5, all of the following support the claim that the adult Coelophysis sometimes ate young Coelophysis EXCEPT:
A. Juveniles found in the body cavities of adults were too advanced in their development to be embryos.
B. Juveniles of different sizes were found in the body cavity of the same adult.
C. Juveniles found in the body cavities of adults were too large to be embryos.
D. Juveniles found in the body cavities of adults were in unhatched eggs.
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