一提到雕塑(sculpture),你脑子里的第一反应可能是酱婶儿的:
哀悼基督 The Pietà (1498–1499) by Michelangelo
酱婶儿的:
还有酱婶儿的:
乌鲁木齐市《飞天》
至于埃及雕塑。。。
狮身人面像(?!),呃其实这是石家庄的山寨货。。。
嗯这个是真正的埃及雕像:
当把埃及雕塑与其他文化的雕塑放在一起对比时总有一种画风不大一致的feel,X格略高的少们可能会满头问号:
问题1:Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? 来看看句子结构:Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture [in which the body turned and twisted (through space) (like classical Greek statuary)]? 为啥埃及人没有发展出像经典希腊雕像一样身体在空间中转向和扭转的雕像?(其实就是说为啥埃及的雕像不扭来扭去)?比如这个希腊雕塑扭的特别好:
掷铁饼者 Discobolus (450 B.C.) by Myron
问题2:Why did they not discover the geometric perspective* as European artists did in the Renaissance? 为啥他们没有像文艺复兴时期的欧洲艺术家一样发明几何透视法?
*perspective: 熟词僻意,在这里是透视法的意思~ 来个透视法应用的经典例子:
St. Peter Healing a Cripple and the Raising of Tabitha (1425) by Masolino da Panicale
早期的埃及雕塑大多无论身体是怎么摆的(站/坐/跪),脸大都面对正前,这种现象被称作是frontality。
要解释这一现象,需要结合雕塑在埃及文化中的功能和所处的场景(Frontality is directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set up)。
在埃及文化中,雕塑实际上不是给活人看的(嗯也不是给阿飘看的⊙_⊙),而是会被用在祭祀中,神(deities)、国王、死去的人(the deceased)是祭祀的接受者(recipient),实施仪式的人要跟他们互动,因此他们的雕塑面对正前方是合理的;且有的时候雕塑是塞在神龛里面的,神龛只有前面一个开口,总不能让雕塑面壁思过吧。
关于雕塑放置的场景,还有这种情况(请用一分钟读懂这个句子):
Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.
搞定了吗?
Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, ①in front of the monumental entrance gateways (to temples known as pylons), or ②in pillared courts, (where they would be placed against or between pillars): their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.
主句:其他雕塑被放在建筑场景中
for instance之后是个并列结构:
*并列结构:and/or/but/as well as前后的部分词性一致。本句中or并列的是两个介词短语(in …),①在被称作塔门pylons的殿堂的巨大通道入口前;②在有柱廊的宫廷中(where引导定语从句修饰courts:雕塑会被放在支柱对面或支柱之间)
这样雕塑的frontality就能完美的融入到高端大气上凳次的建筑啦~
总之,要想真正理解埃及雕塑,还得从埃及人的视角去看待它们,而非我们的种种理所当然。
P.S., 上述内容来自TPO 11: Ancient Egyptian Sculpture,这篇文章节选自Jimmy Dunn的An Introduction to Egyptian Art,想看全篇的少年们可以戳这里:
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/artoverview.htm
自我介绍
谢钰琪
北京新东方托福阅读教师,主讲强化班和冲分班。本科就读于北京大学元培计划实验班,后在北京大学取得应用心理学硕士学位,养成了喜读文献的诡异兴趣。毕业后在美资咨询公司担任咨询顾问,对结果导向的追求一致延续到了出国考试教学中。授课逻辑严谨,思路清晰,关注最本源的语言能力,尤其注重对学生句子理解能力的培养,同时结合解题思路分析帮助学生提高分数。
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